diff --git a/config/config.go b/config/config.go
index 1eed905..693331f 100644
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ func Default() *types.Config {
 		ClusteringEnabled:      true,
 		RateLimitingEnabled:    true,
 		RevisionHistoryEnabled: true,
+		
+		// Default anonymous access settings (both disabled by default for security)
+		AllowAnonymousRead:     false,
+		AllowAnonymousWrite:    false,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/integration_test.sh b/integration_test.sh
index b46b500..4e849a3 100755
--- a/integration_test.sh
+++ b/integration_test.sh
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ port: 8090
 data_dir: "./basic_data"
 seed_nodes: []
 log_level: "error"
+allow_anonymous_read: true
+allow_anonymous_write: true
 EOF
     
     # Start node
@@ -134,6 +136,8 @@ log_level: "error"
 gossip_interval_min: 5
 gossip_interval_max: 10
 sync_interval: 10
+allow_anonymous_read: true
+allow_anonymous_write: true
 EOF
     
     # Node 2 config
@@ -147,6 +151,8 @@ log_level: "error"
 gossip_interval_min: 5
 gossip_interval_max: 10
 sync_interval: 10
+allow_anonymous_read: true
+allow_anonymous_write: true
 EOF
     
     # Start nodes
@@ -242,6 +248,8 @@ data_dir: "./conflict1_data"
 seed_nodes: []
 log_level: "info"
 sync_interval: 3
+allow_anonymous_read: true
+allow_anonymous_write: true
 EOF
         
         cat > conflict2.yaml <<EOF
@@ -252,6 +260,8 @@ data_dir: "./conflict2_data"
 seed_nodes: ["127.0.0.1:8111"]
 log_level: "info"
 sync_interval: 3
+allow_anonymous_read: true
+allow_anonymous_write: true
 EOF
         
         # Start nodes
diff --git a/server/routes.go b/server/routes.go
index 9db7337..814e5f7 100644
--- a/server/routes.go
+++ b/server/routes.go
@@ -11,10 +11,33 @@ func (s *Server) setupRoutes() *mux.Router {
 	// Health endpoint (always available)
 	router.HandleFunc("/health", s.healthHandler).Methods("GET")
 
-	// KV endpoints (always available - see issue #5 for anonymous access control)
-	router.HandleFunc("/kv/{path:.+}", s.getKVHandler).Methods("GET")
-	router.HandleFunc("/kv/{path:.+}", s.putKVHandler).Methods("PUT")
-	router.HandleFunc("/kv/{path:.+}", s.deleteKVHandler).Methods("DELETE")
+	// KV endpoints (with conditional authentication based on anonymous access settings)
+	// GET endpoint - require auth if anonymous read is disabled
+	if s.config.AuthEnabled && !s.config.AllowAnonymousRead {
+		router.Handle("/kv/{path:.+}", s.authService.Middleware(
+			[]string{"read"}, nil, "",
+		)(s.getKVHandler)).Methods("GET")
+	} else {
+		router.HandleFunc("/kv/{path:.+}", s.getKVHandler).Methods("GET")
+	}
+	
+	// PUT endpoint - require auth if anonymous write is disabled
+	if s.config.AuthEnabled && !s.config.AllowAnonymousWrite {
+		router.Handle("/kv/{path:.+}", s.authService.Middleware(
+			[]string{"write"}, nil, "",
+		)(s.putKVHandler)).Methods("PUT")
+	} else {
+		router.HandleFunc("/kv/{path:.+}", s.putKVHandler).Methods("PUT")
+	}
+	
+	// DELETE endpoint - always require authentication (no anonymous delete)
+	if s.config.AuthEnabled {
+		router.Handle("/kv/{path:.+}", s.authService.Middleware(
+			[]string{"delete"}, nil, "",
+		)(s.deleteKVHandler)).Methods("DELETE")
+	} else {
+		router.HandleFunc("/kv/{path:.+}", s.deleteKVHandler).Methods("DELETE")
+	}
 
 	// Member endpoints (available when clustering is enabled)
 	if s.config.ClusteringEnabled {
diff --git a/types/types.go b/types/types.go
index c19512d..bcdf027 100644
--- a/types/types.go
+++ b/types/types.go
@@ -273,4 +273,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	ClusteringEnabled      bool `yaml:"clustering_enabled"`       // Enable/disable clustering/gossip
 	RateLimitingEnabled    bool `yaml:"rate_limiting_enabled"`    // Enable/disable rate limiting
 	RevisionHistoryEnabled bool `yaml:"revision_history_enabled"` // Enable/disable revision history
+	
+	// Anonymous access control (Issue #5)
+	AllowAnonymousRead     bool `yaml:"allow_anonymous_read"`     // Allow unauthenticated read access to KV endpoints
+	AllowAnonymousWrite    bool `yaml:"allow_anonymous_write"`    // Allow unauthenticated write access to KV endpoints
 }
\ No newline at end of file