TEMP: Working data pipeline & rendering

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.db

Pipfile

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[source]]
+url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
+verify_ssl = true
+name = "pypi"
+
+[packages]
+networkx = "*"
+pyvis = "*"
+matplotlib = "*"
+fastapi = "*"
+
+[dev-packages]
+
+[requires]
+python_version = "3.11"
+python_full_version = "3.11.8"

app/collector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import json
+import uuid
+import hashlib
+
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from .db import Database
+
+
+def parse_traceroute_output(data: str, origin: str):
+    lines = data.strip().split("\n")
+    target = lines[0].split()[2]
+
+    created = datetime.now().isoformat()
+
+    trace = {"target": target, "created": created, "origin": origin, "hops": []}
+
+    prev_latency = 0
+
+    for line in lines[1:]:
+        hop_info = line.split()
+        print("LINE:", hop_info)
+        try:
+            number, name, ip, latency, _ = hop_info
+            hop = {
+                "created": created,
+                "number": number,
+                "name": name,
+                "ip": ip.strip("()"),
+                "latency": float(latency),
+            }
+        except ValueError:
+            number, name = hop_info
+            hop = {
+                "created": created,
+                "number": number,
+                "name": name,
+                "ip": None,
+                "latency": None,
+            }
+
+        trace["hops"].append(hop)
+
+    return trace
+
+
+def store_traceroute(trace):
+    db = Database()
+
+    # hops_json = json.dumps(trace['hops'])
+
+    path_ids = {}
+
+    previous_hop_ip = None
+    previous_hop_latency = None
+    for hop in trace["hops"]:
+        hop_number = hop["number"]
+        hop_name = hop.get("name")
+        hop_ip = hop.get("ip")
+        hop_latency = hop.get("latency")
+        link_id = None
+
+        # insert links and get their id's
+        if previous_hop_ip:
+            link_id = db.create_link(previous_hop_ip, hop_ip)
+            path_ids[hop_number] = link_id
+
+        previous_hop_ip = hop_ip
+
+        # Save hop details
+        db.create_hop(hop_name, hop_ip, hop_latency)
+
+        # calculate link latency if possible and store it
+        if link_id and previous_hop_latency:
+            link_latency = hop_latency - previous_hop_latency
+            db.create_latency(link_id, trace["created"], link_latency)
+
+    # make entry to "Paths" table
+    if path_ids:
+        json_path_ids = json.dumps(path_ids)
+        db.create_path(node, trace["target"], json_path_ids)
+
+    db.end()
+
+
+def generate_node_id():
+    mac = uuid.getnode()
+    mac_str = ":".join(
+        ["{:02x}".format((mac >> ele) & 0xFF) for ele in range(0, 8 * 6, 8)][::-1]
+    )
+
+    # Hash the MAC address using SHA-256 to generate a unique ID
+    unique_id = hashlib.sha256(mac_str.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    return unique_id

app/db.py

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+import sqlite3
+from functools import wraps
+
+# Type alias
+Cursor = sqlite3.Cursor
+
+# Configs
+DB_FILE = "./traceroute.db"
+
+
+class Database:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.db_file = DB_FILE
+        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_file, check_same_thread=False)
+
+        # Return fetch() data as Row objects, instead of tuples.
+        self.conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+
+        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
+
+    def create_tables(self):
+        self.cursor.executescript(
+            """
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Traces (
+                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+                created TEXT NOT NULL,
+                origin TEXT NOT NULL,
+                target TEXT NOT NULL
+            );
+
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Hops (
+                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+                trace_id INTEGER,
+                created TEXT NOT NULL,
+                number INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                name TEXT,
+                ip TEXT,
+                latency TEXT,
+
+                FOREIGN KEY(trace_id) REFERENCES Traces(id)
+            );
+        """
+        )
+
+    def end(self):
+        """Always call this after you're done with the connection / request."""
+
+        self.conn.commit()
+        self.conn.close()
+
+    def list_traces(self):
+        # TODO: time filter
+        result = []
+
+        self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM Traces")
+        traces = self.cursor.fetchall()
+
+        for t in traces:
+            trace = dict(t)
+
+            self.cursor.execute(
+                "SELECT number, name, ip, latency FROM Hops WHERE trace_id = ? ORDER BY number ASC",
+                (trace["id"],),
+            )
+            hops = self.cursor.fetchall()
+            trace["hops"] = hops
+
+            result.append(trace)
+
+        return result
+
+    def create_trace(self, trace):
+        self.cursor.execute(
+            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO Traces (created, origin, target) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+            (trace["created"], trace["origin"], trace["target"]),
+        )
+        trace_id = self.cursor.lastrowid
+
+        for hop in trace["hops"]:
+            self.cursor.execute(
+                "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO Hops (trace_id, created, number, name, ip, latency) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                (
+                    trace_id,
+                    hop["created"],
+                    hop["number"],
+                    hop["name"],
+                    hop["ip"],
+                    hop["latency"],
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return self.cursor.fetchone()
+
+    def create_hop(self, name, ip, latency):
+        self.cursor.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO Hops (name, ip, latency) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+            (name, ip, latency),
+        )
+
+    def create_latency(self, link_id, timestamp, link_latency):
+        self.cursor.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO Latency (link_id, timestamp, latency_ms) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+            (link_id, timestamp, link_latency),
+        )
+
+    def create_path(self, node, target, json):
+        self.cursor.execute(
+            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO Paths (node, target, hops_json) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+            (node, target, json),
+        )
+
+
+def ensure_table_setup():
+    db = Database()
+    db.create_tables()
+    db.end()
+
+
+####################################################################
+####################################################################
+####################################################################
+####################################################################
+
+
+def with_connection(func):
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_FILE)
+        cursor = conn.cursor()
+
+        result = func(cursor, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        conn.commit()
+        conn.close()
+
+        return result
+
+    return wrapped
+
+
+@with_connection
+def init_db(cursor: Cursor):
+    cursor.executescript(
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Links (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+            source_ip TEXT NOT NULL,
+            destination_ip TEXT NOT NULL,
+            UNIQUE(source_ip, destination_ip)
+        );
+
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Paths (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+            node TEXT NOT NULL,
+            target TEXT NOT NULL,
+            hops_json TEXT NOT NULL,
+            UNIQUE(node, target, hops_json)
+        );
+
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Latency (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+            link_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+            timestamp DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+            latency_ms REAL NOT NULL,
+            FOREIGN KEY (link_id) REFERENCES Links(id)
+        );
+
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS HopDetails (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+            hop_name TEXT,
+            hop_ip TEXT,
+            hop_latency TEXT
+        );
+    """
+    )
+
+
+@with_connection
+def insert_hop(cursor: Cursor, previous_hop_ip: str, hop_ip: str):
+    """Insert a new hop and return related Link id"""
+
+    cursor.execute(
+        "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO Links (source_ip, destination_ip) VALUES (?, ?)",
+        (previous_hop_ip, hop_ip),
+    )
+
+    cursor.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM Links WHERE source_ip = ? AND destination_ip = ?",
+        (previous_hop_ip, hop_ip),
+    )
+
+    return cursor.fetchone()

app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from fastapi import Request, FastAPI
+from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
+from .collector import parse_traceroute_output, store_traceroute
+from .db import Database, ensure_table_setup
+
+from pprint import pprint as print
+
+
+# Setup our SQLite before anything else.
+ensure_table_setup()
+
+# Setup web framework thingies
+app = FastAPI()
+app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="app/static"), name="static")
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {
+        "greeting": "Hello, Kalzu!",
+        "instructions": [
+            "Try piping traceroute data directly to POST /trace/{hostname}.",
+            "{hostname} is for filtering data by sender.",
+            "For example the following command using HTTPie:",
+            "",
+            "  $ traceroute peitto.info | http POST localhost:8000/trace/rekku",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "Also take a look at /docs/ and /static/index.html",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "",
+            "END OF TRANSMISSION",
+        ]
+        + [None] * 800,
+    }
+
+
+@app.get("/trace/")
+def list_traces():
+    db = Database()
+
+    trace = db.list_traces()
+
+    db.end()
+    return trace
+
+
+@app.post("/trace/{origin}")
+async def create_trace(origin: str, request: Request):
+    raw_data = await request.body()
+    data = raw_data.decode("utf-8", "ignore")
+
+    print(f"Received data from {origin}:")
+    print(data)
+
+    trace = parse_traceroute_output(data, origin)
+
+    print("Parsed data:")
+    print(trace)
+
+    db = Database()
+    db.create_trace(trace)
+    db.end()
+
+    return {"status": "ok"}

app/static/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <title>Kalzu</title>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <script src="/static/d3.v7.min.js"></script>
+  </head>
+  <body style="background: #EEE">
+    <div id="container"></div>
+    <script src="/static/index.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+</html>

app/static/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+const linkArc = (d) => {
+  const r = Math.hypot(d.target.x - d.source.x, d.target.y - d.source.y);
+  return `
+    M${d.source.x},${d.source.y}
+    A${r},${r} 0 0,1 ${d.target.x},${d.target.y}
+  `;
+};
+
+const drag = (simulation) => {
+  function dragstarted(event, d) {
+    if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart();
+    d.fx = d.x;
+    d.fy = d.y;
+  }
+
+  function dragged(event, d) {
+    d.fx = event.x;
+    d.fy = event.y;
+  }
+
+  function dragended(event, d) {
+    if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0);
+    d.fx = null;
+    d.fy = null;
+  }
+
+  return d3
+    .drag()
+    .on("start", dragstarted)
+    .on("drag", dragged)
+    .on("end", dragended);
+};
+
+const drawChart = (data) => {
+  // Specify the dimensions of the chart.
+  const width = 1600;
+  const height = 1200;
+
+  // Specify the color scale.
+  const color = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
+
+  // The force simulation mutates links and nodes, so create a copy
+  // so that re-evaluating this cell produces the same result.
+  const links = data.links.map((d) => ({ ...d }));
+  const nodes = data.nodes.map((d) => ({ ...d }));
+
+  // Create a simulation with several forces.
+  const simulation = d3
+    .forceSimulation(nodes)
+    .force(
+      "link",
+      d3.forceLink(links).id((d) => d.id),
+    )
+    .force("charge", d3.forceManyBody())
+    .force("x", d3.forceX())
+    .force("y", d3.forceY());
+
+  // Create the SVG container.
+  const svg = d3
+    .create("svg")
+    .attr("width", width)
+    .attr("height", height)
+    .attr("viewBox", [-width / 2, -height / 2, width, height])
+    .attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto;");
+
+  // Add a line for each link, and a circle for each node.
+  const link = svg
+    .append("g")
+    .attr("stroke", "#999")
+    .attr("stroke-opacity", 0.6)
+    .selectAll("line")
+    .data(links)
+    .join("line")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 1); // (d) => Math.sqrt(d.value));
+
+  const node = svg
+    .append("g")
+    .attr("stroke", "#fff")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 1.5)
+    .selectAll("circle")
+    .data(nodes)
+    .join("circle")
+    .attr("r", 5)
+    .attr("fill", (d) => color(d.group));
+
+  node.append("title").text((d) => d.id);
+
+  // Add a drag behavior.
+  node.call(
+    d3.drag().on("start", dragstarted).on("drag", dragged).on("end", dragended),
+  );
+
+  // Set the position attributes of links and nodes each time the simulation ticks.
+  simulation.on("tick", () => {
+    link
+      .attr("x1", (d) => d.source.x)
+      .attr("y1", (d) => d.source.y)
+      .attr("x2", (d) => d.target.x)
+      .attr("y2", (d) => d.target.y);
+
+    node.attr("cx", (d) => d.x).attr("cy", (d) => d.y);
+  });
+
+  // Reheat the simulation when drag starts, and fix the subject position.
+  function dragstarted(event) {
+    if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart();
+    event.subject.fx = event.subject.x;
+    event.subject.fy = event.subject.y;
+  }
+
+  // Update the subject (dragged node) position during drag.
+  function dragged(event) {
+    event.subject.fx = event.x;
+    event.subject.fy = event.y;
+  }
+
+  // Restore the target alpha so the simulation cools after dragging ends.
+  // Unfix the subject position now that it’s no longer being dragged.
+  function dragended(event) {
+    if (!event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0);
+    event.subject.fx = null;
+    event.subject.fy = null;
+  }
+
+  // When this cell is re-run, stop the previous simulation. (This doesn’t
+  // really matter since the target alpha is zero and the simulation will
+  // stop naturally, but it’s a good practice.)
+  // invalidation.then(() => simulation.stop());
+
+  return svg.node();
+};
+
+const drawChart2 = (data) => {
+  const width = 1600;
+  const height = 1200;
+  const types = Array.from(new Set(data.map((d) => d.type)));
+  const nodes = Array.from(
+    new Set(data.flatMap((l) => [l.source, l.target])),
+    (id) => ({ id }),
+  );
+  const links = data.map((d) => Object.create(d));
+
+  const color = d3.scaleOrdinal(types, d3.schemeCategory10);
+
+  const simulation = d3
+    .forceSimulation(nodes)
+    .force(
+      "link",
+      d3.forceLink(links).id((d) => d.id),
+    )
+    .force("charge", d3.forceManyBody().strength(-400))
+    .force("x", d3.forceX())
+    .force("y", d3.forceY());
+
+  const svg = d3
+    .create("svg")
+    .attr("viewBox", [-width / 2, -height / 2, width, height])
+    .attr("width", width)
+    .attr("height", height)
+    .attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto; font: 12px sans-serif;");
+
+  // Per-type markers, as they don't inherit styles.
+  svg
+    .append("defs")
+    .selectAll("marker")
+    .data(types)
+    .join("marker")
+    .attr("id", (d) => `arrow-${d}`)
+    .attr("viewBox", "0 -5 10 10")
+    .attr("refX", 15)
+    .attr("refY", -0.5)
+    .attr("markerWidth", 6)
+    .attr("markerHeight", 6)
+    .attr("orient", "auto")
+    .append("path")
+    .attr("fill", color)
+    .attr("d", "M0,-5L10,0L0,5");
+
+  const link = svg
+    .append("g")
+    .attr("fill", "none")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 1.5)
+    .selectAll("path")
+    .data(links)
+    .join("path")
+    .attr("stroke", (d) => color(d.type))
+    .attr("marker-end", (d) => `url(${new URL(`#arrow-${d.type}`, location)})`);
+
+  const node = svg
+    .append("g")
+    .attr("fill", "currentColor")
+    .attr("stroke-linecap", "round")
+    .attr("stroke-linejoin", "round")
+    .selectAll("g")
+    .data(nodes)
+    .join("g")
+    .call(drag(simulation));
+
+  node
+    .append("circle")
+    .attr("stroke", "white")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 1.5)
+    .attr("r", 4);
+
+  node
+    .append("text")
+    .attr("x", 8)
+    .attr("y", "0.31em")
+    .text((d) => (d.id.endsWith("*") ? "*" : d.id))
+    .clone(true)
+    .lower()
+    .attr("fill", "none")
+    .attr("stroke", "white")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 3);
+
+  simulation.on("tick", () => {
+    link.attr("d", linkArc);
+    node.attr("transform", (d) => `translate(${d.x},${d.y})`);
+  });
+
+  // invalidation.then(() => simulation.stop());
+
+  return Object.assign(svg.node(), { scales: { color } });
+};
+
+const parseNodesAndLinks = (traces) => {
+  const result = {
+    nodes: [],
+    links: [],
+  };
+
+  traces.forEach((trace) => {
+    let prevId = null;
+
+    const getId = (hop) => {
+      if (prevId === null) {
+        return trace.origin;
+      }
+      if (hop.name === "*") {
+        return `${trace.id}-${hop.number}-*`;
+      }
+
+      return hop.ip;
+    };
+
+    trace.hops.forEach((hop) => {
+      const id = getId(hop);
+
+      // New node
+      result.nodes.push({
+        id: id,
+        group: trace.origin,
+        radius: 8,
+        value: hop.name || "name?",
+        origin: trace.origin,
+      });
+
+      if (prevId) {
+        // New link
+        result.links.push({
+          source: prevId,
+          target: id,
+          type: trace.origin,
+          group: trace.origin,
+        });
+      }
+
+      prevId = id;
+    });
+
+    // Last "destination" node
+    result.nodes.push({
+      id: trace.id,
+      group: trace.origin,
+      radius: 8,
+      value: trace.target,
+    });
+
+    if (prevId) {
+      // New link
+      result.links.push({
+        source: prevId,
+        target: trace.target,
+        type: trace.origin,
+        group: trace.origin,
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  // { id: ip, group: origin, radius: 2 }
+  // { source: prev.ip, target: ip, value: latency }
+  return result;
+};
+
+async function main() {
+  const response = await fetch("/trace/");
+  const traces = await response.json();
+
+  console.log("Traces:", traces);
+  const data = parseNodesAndLinks(traces);
+
+  console.log("Data:", data);
+  const chart = drawChart2(data.links);
+
+  container.append(chart);
+}
+
+main();

app/traceroute_visualization.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ def retrieve_traceroute_data():
     conn = sqlite3.connect('traceroute.db')
     cursor = conn.cursor()
     cursor.execute('''
-        SELECT l.source_ip, l.destination_ip, ll.latency, ll.timestamp
-        FROM link_latency ll
+        SELECT l.source_ip, l.destination_ip, ll.latency_ms, ll.timestamp
+        FROM Latency ll
         JOIN links l ON ll.link_id = l.id
         ORDER BY ll.timestamp
     ''')
@@ -64,4 +64,4 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Visualize the graph using pyvis
     #visualize_graph_pyvis(graph, 'traceroute_network.html')
 
-exit(0)
+#exit(0)

traceroute_collector.py

@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3.11
-
-
-import subprocess
-import sqlite3
-import re
-import json
-import ipaddress
-import uuid
-import hashlib
-from datetime import datetime
-
-
-def run_traceroute(host):
-    timestamp = datetime.now().timestamp()
-    result = subprocess.run(['traceroute', host], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-    return result.stdout.decode(), timestamp
-
-def parse_traceroute_output(output, timestamp):
-
-    lines = output.strip().split('\n')
-    trace = {}
-    hops = []
-
-    ip_regex = r"\((.*?)\)" # ipaddress are in ()
-
-    target = output.strip().split('\n')[0].split()[2]
-
-    for line in lines[1:]:
-        hop = {}
-        hop_info = line.split()
-        hop_number = int(hop_info[0])
-        hop_name = None
-        hop_ip = None
-        hop_latency = None
-
-        latencies = []
-
-        #print("##### "+str(hop_info))
-        count = 0
-        for part in hop_info[1:]:
-            count += 1
-
-            # source node drops or blocks icmp packages
-            # We will give funny to name to hop for not answering and move on.
-            if part == '*':
-                hop_name = 'unresponsive'
-                hop_ip = 'unresponsive'
-                break
-
-
-            # If first colum is either name or ip-address
-            if count == 1:
-                match = re.search(ip_regex, part)
-                if  match:
-                    hop_ip = part.strip('()')
-                else:
-                    hop_name = part
-
-            # Second colum is ip-address first latency reading
-            if count == 2:
-                if re.search(ip_regex, part):
-                    try:
-                        _ip = ipaddress.ip_address(part.strip('()'))
-                        hop_ip = part.strip('()')
-                    except ValueError:
-                        pass  # Ignore if it's not a valid IP address
-
-            # Rest of the input colums are either latency floats, 'ms' or 
-            # reruns of the hop_name and hop_ip...
-            # We only need the latency floats anymore.
-            else:
-                try:
-                    latency = float(part)
-                    latencies.append(latency)
-                except ValueError:
-                    pass
-
-        hop_latency = sum(latencies) / len(latencies) if latencies else None
-
-        hop['hop_number'] = hop_number
-        if not hop_name == None:
-            hop['hop_name'] = hop_name
-        hop['hop_ip'] = hop_ip
-        hop['hop_latency'] = hop_latency
-        hops.append(hop)
-        
-    trace['target'] = target
-    trace['timestamp'] = timestamp
-    trace['hops'] = hops
-
-    return trace
-
-
-def create_tables(databasefile):
-        # Connect to the SQLite database
-    conn = sqlite3.connect(databasefile)
-    cursor = conn.cursor()
-    
-    # SQL statements to create the tables
-    create_links_table = """
-    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Links (
-        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-        source_ip TEXT NOT NULL,
-        destination_ip TEXT NOT NULL,
-        UNIQUE(source_ip, destination_ip)
-    );
-    """
-    
-    create_paths_table = """
-    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Paths (
-        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-        node TEXT NOT NULL,
-        target TEXT NOT NULL,
-        hops_json TEXT NOT NULL,
-        UNIQUE(node, target, hops_json)
-    );
-    """
-    
-    create_latency_table = """
-    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Latency (
-        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-        link_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
-        timestamp DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-        latency_ms REAL NOT NULL,
-        FOREIGN KEY (link_id) REFERENCES Links(id)
-    );
-    """
-    
-    create_hopdetails_table = """
-    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS HopDetails (
-        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-        hop_name TEXT,
-        hop_ip TEXT,
-        hop_latency TEXT
-    );
-    """
-    
-    # Execute the SQL statements
-    cursor.execute(create_links_table)
-    cursor.execute(create_paths_table)
-    cursor.execute(create_latency_table)
-    cursor.execute(create_hopdetails_table)
-    
-    # Commit changes and close the connection
-    conn.commit()
-    conn.close()
-
-def store_traceroute(db_file, node, trace):
-    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_file)
-    cursor = conn.cursor()
-
-
-    hops_json = json.dumps(trace['hops'])
-    
-    path_ids = {}
-
-    previous_hop_ip = None
-    previous_hop_latency = None
-    for hop in trace['hops']:
-        hop_number = hop['hop_number']
-        hop_name = hop.get('hop_name')
-        hop_ip = hop.get('hop_ip')
-        hop_latency = hop.get('hop_latency')
-        link_id = None
-
-        # insert links and get their id's
-        if previous_hop_ip:
-            cursor.execute("""
-                INSERT OR IGNORE INTO Links (source_ip, destination_ip) VALUES (?, ?)
-            """, (previous_hop_ip, hop_ip))
-            cursor.execute("""
-                SELECT id FROM Links WHERE source_ip = ? AND destination_ip = ?
-            """, (previous_hop_ip, hop_ip))
-            result = cursor.fetchone()
-            link_id = result
-            path_ids[hop_number] = link_id
-        previous_hop_ip = hop_ip
-
-        # Save hop details
-        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO HopDetails (hop_name, hop_ip, hop_latency) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-                        (hop_name, hop_ip, hop_latency))
-        
-        # calculate link latency if possible and store it
-        if link_id and previous_hop_latency:
-            link_latency = hop_latency - previous_hop_latency
-            cursor.execute("INSERT INTO Latency (link_id, timestamp, latency_ms) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 
-                           (link_id, trace['timestamp'], link_latency))
-
-    # make entry to "Paths" table
-    if path_ids:
-        json_path_ids = json.dumps(path_ids)
-        cursor.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO Paths (node, target, hops_json) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-                       (node, trace['target'], json_path_ids))
-
-    conn.commit()
-    conn.close()
-
-
-def retrieve_traceroute(db_file):
-
-    retval = {}
-
-    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_file)
-    cursor = conn.cursor()
-    cursor.execute('''
-        SELECT target, hops_json
-        FROM Paths
-    ''')
-    retval['path'] = cursor.fetchall()
-
-    cursor.execute('''
-        SELECT source_ip, destination_ip
-        FROM Links
-    ''')
-    retval['links'] = cursor.fetchall()
-    conn.close()
-    return retval
-
-def generate_node_id():
-    mac = uuid.getnode()
-    mac_str = ':'.join(['{:02x}'.format((mac >> ele) & 0xff) for ele in range(0,8*6,8)][::-1])
-    
-    # Hash the MAC address using SHA-256 to generate a unique ID
-    unique_id = hashlib.sha256(mac_str.encode()).hexdigest()
-
-    return unique_id
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-    db_file="./traceroute.db"
-    create_tables(db_file)
-    my_id = generate_node_id()
-
-    target='1.1.1.1'
-    traceroute_output, timestamp = run_traceroute(target)
-    trace = parse_traceroute_output(traceroute_output, timestamp)
-
-    store_traceroute(db_file, my_id, trace)
-
-    print("#####")
-    print(retrieve_traceroute(db_file))
-    print("#####")
-
-exit(0)